Isingeniso ku-screw of cat food extruder

Isikulufu sesikulufa-seweleikati ukudla extruderiyingxenye eyinhloko yezinto zokusebenza, enquma ngokuqondile ukuvuthwa, umphumela wokukhukhumeza, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokukhiqizwa kokudla kwekati. Impahla yayo, ukwakheka, umsebenzi, kanye nezici zayo zivumelaniswa eduze nezici zezinto ezingavuthiwe zokudla kwekati kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula. Ngezansi kunencazelo enemininingwane evela kubukhulu obuningi:

Ukudla kwekati kuqukethe impushana yenyama, ukudla kwamathambo, ukudla kukabhontshisi wesoya, nezithasiselo, ezinokugqwala okuthile nokungagugi. Into yesikulufu idinga ukulinganisa ukumelana nokugqokwa, ukumelana nokugqwala, nezici zamandla aphezulu.

 Izinto eziwumgogodla: Insimbi enengxubevange yamandla aphezulu (efana ne-40Cr, 38CrMoAl) isetshenziswa kakhulu, eyakhiwe futhi yacishwa futhi yaqina, inokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokukhathala, futhi ifanele izimo zokushisa eziphakeme ze-110℃, 160℃, nezimo zengcindezi ephezulu engu-410MPa.
 Ukuqinisa ukwelashwa: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguga nokubola, indawo engaphezulu yesikulufu ivamise ukucisha{0}}imvamisa ephezulu (ukuqina kufika ku-HRC5562), ukufafaza kwe-bimetallic alloy noma ukwelashwa kwe-nitriding, okungamelana nokuguga kwezingxenye ze-asidi ne-alkaline nezinhlayiya eziqinile kuzinto ezingavuthiwe kuze kufike kumahora angu-200 wesevisi.
 Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zesimo esikhethekile: Uma amawele-esikulufaikati ukudla extruderikhiqiza ukudla kwekati ngenyama ehlanzekile ephezulu (35% noma ngaphezulu) kanye nefomula yamafutha aphezulu, impahla yensimbi engagqwali engu-304/316 noma isendlalelo se-alloy yangaphakathi ingakhethwa ukuvimbela ukunamathela kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokugqwala, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kokudla nokuphepha.

Isikulufu samukela isakhiwo esiyimojuli esinamabhulokhi wokwakha, esakhiwe i-core shaft kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezizimele ezixhunywe ngokhiye, futhi singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kumafomula okudla kwekati ahlukene kanye nezidingo zenqubo.
 Ukucushwa sekukonke kwesikulufu se-extruder sokudla kwekati: Izikulufu ezimbili ziwuhlobo lwe-meshing yesiqondiso esifanayo (esivamile), ezinobubanzi obufanayo kanye nesilinganiso sobude ukuya ku-diameter (L/D) ngokuvamile esingu-20:140:1. Uma sikhulu isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi, isikhathi sokuhlala esibonakalayo siba side futhi sivuthwa ngokugcwele, okuyenza ifanelekele ukudla kwekati yenyama ephezulu.
 Umumo wengxenye eyinhloko yesikulufu se-extruder sokudla kwekati
Isici esidlulisayo: Intambo enamakhanda amabili eya phambili enephimbo elikhulu nentambo ejulile, ene-engeli ye-helix engu-30℃45 degree. Inesibopho sokudlulisa impahla kanye nokuxutshwa kokuqala, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa esigabeni sokuphakela.
Ibhulokhi yokuxova: eyakhiwe ngamadiski okuxova amaningi anama-engeli anyakazayo we-45℃kanye ne-90 degree, ngaphandle kwemicu eqhubekayo, iyisici esiyinhloko sokuxutshwa kwe-shear, okuchoboza izinto ngokusebenzisa amandla okugunda okuqinile, okukhuthaza i-gelatinization yesitashi kanye ne-protein denaturation.
I-Shear block: iphimbo elincane, ukwakheka kwentambo engajulile, ukumelana okuphezulu, okusetshenziselwa ukukhulisa nokuqinisa ukugunda, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo nokuvuthwa, okutholakala esigabeni sokucindezela.
Ingxenye yentambo ehlehliswayo: enephimbo elincane kanye nesiqondiso sokuzungeza okuphambene kuya engxenyeni edlulisayo, isetshenziselwa ukukhulula ingcindezi yasendaweni, ukwandisa isikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi ifanele umswakama ophezulu nezinto ezibonisa i-viscosity ephezulu.
 Isakhiwo se-partition: Isikulufu se-extruder sokudla kwekati sihlukaniswe ngesigaba sokuphakela (into enkulu edlulisa iphimbo), isigaba sokuminyanisa (ibhulokhi yokuxova+ibhulokhi yokugunda), ingxenye ye-homogenization (into encane edlulisa iphimbo), kanye nesigaba sokukhipha (isici esibuyela emuva+isici sokudlulisa esifushane) eduze kwe-axial direction, futhi inhlanganisela ye-elementi yesigaba ngasinye ilawula ngokunembile isici esibalulekile.

I-Screw "i-power core" yeikati ukudla extruderukukhukhumeza, ukugijima kuyo yonke inqubo yokucubungula impahla, ukufeza imisebenzi eyisithupha ewumongo: ukudlulisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukugunda, ukuvuthwa, ukucindezelwa, kanye nokwakheka.
 Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla: Ngesikhathi sokuzungezisa, izinto ezingavuthiwe (impushana yenyama, okusanhlamvu, izithasiselo, njll.) ezivela ethekwini lokuphakela ziphushwa kancane kancane zibheke ekhanda lesikhunta ngokusebenzisa ukuphonswa kwentambo, ukulawula izinga lokugeleza kwempahla kanye nezinga lokugcwalisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile.
 Ukuxuba nokuhlanganisa i-homogenization: Ngokuzibandakanya kanye nokugunda kwezakhi eziyisikulufu, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezihlukene zixutshwe ngokugcwele, zihlephula ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto futhi kusabalaliswe ngokulinganayo imisoco (amaprotheni, amavithamini, amaminerali) ukuze kugwenywe umsoco ongalingani wezinhlayiya zokudla kwekati.
 Ukushisisa kwe-Shear: Ukuzungezisa kwesikulufu kukhiqiza amandla aqinile okugunda, aguqula amandla emishini abe amandla okushisa, akhuphule izinga lokushisa elibonakalayo libe ngu-110, 160 degree. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iyashiswa umgqomo ukukhuthaza i-gelatinization yesitashi, i-protein denaturation, ukubulala ama-microorganisms ayingozi njenge-Salmonella, futhi kuthuthukise ukunambitheka nokuphepha kokudla kwekati.
 I-plasticization yokuqinisa ingcindezi: Ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye zesigaba sokuminyanisa, ingcindezi yezinto ezibonakalayo iyakhuphuka ibe ngu-410MPa, okwenza izinto zibe esimweni sepulasitiki esincibilikisiwe ngokuthungwa okufanayo nokucolile, kubeka isisekelo sokubumba okukhulayo okulandelayo.
 Lawula ukukhukhumala: Ngokulungisa inhlanganisela yesici sesikulufu se-extruder yokudla yekati (njengenombolo yamabhulokhi e-shear kanye nendawo yesici esibuyela emuva), isikhathi sokuhlala esibalulekile, izinga lokushisa, nokucindezela kuyalawulwa, kanye nezinga lokukhukhumala lokudla kwekati (ukuminyana okungu-0.61.2g/cm ³) kuyalungiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla kwekati okucwebezelayo noma okuqinile.
 Ukuzihlanza ngokwakho: Isakhiwo esifanayo se-meshing sivumela izikulufu ukuthi zikhuhlane lapho zizungezisa, kunciphisa izinsalela zezinto. Lapho ushintsha ifomula noma umisa umshini, asikho isidingo sokuhlakaza nokuhlanza ngokuphelele, ukwehlisa izindleko zokunakekela.

 Idizayini ye-modular, ukuguquguquka okuqinile: Izingxenye zebhulokhi yokwakha zingahlanganiswa ngokukhululekile ukuze kulungiswe ngokushesha amandla okugunda, isikhathi sokuvuthwa, kanye nokukhukhumala kwamafomula okudla kwamakati ahlukene njengenyama ephezulu, okusanhlamvu okuphezulu, namafutha aphezulu, afanele ukukhiqizwa okuhlukahlukene.
 Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, impilo yesevisi ende: Ukwelashwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-alloy steel+surface, ukumelana nokuguga nokugqwala kwempahla engavuthiwe, okungagogeki kalula noma ukuguga phakathi{1}}nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokunakekela kanye nokwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
 Ukuxutshwa kwe-shear okuqinile nokuvuthwa okufanayo: Isakhiwo esikhethekile sebhulokhi yokuxova kanye ne-shear block inikeza amandla aphezulu-okugunda, okuqinisekisa ukuxubana kwempahla efanayo kanye nokuvuthwa okwanele. I-starch gelatinization℃ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, ithuthukise ukugayeka kokudla kanye nezinga lokumuncwa kokudla kwekati.
 Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile kanye nokugcinwa kokudla okunomsoco: I-screw partition of theikati ukudla extruderkuhlanganiswa nesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa lomgqomo ukuze kulawulwe ngokunembile izinga lokushisa elibalulekile, ukugwema{0}}ukonakala okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kwemisoco ye-thermosensitive (amavithamini, ama-probiotics) kanye nokuqinisekisa ukubaluleka komsoco wokudla kwekati.

 Ukusebenza okuhle -kokuzihlanza kanye nokushintsha kwezinto ezikahle: umphumela ofanayo wokuhlanganisa nokukhuhla unciphisa izinsalela zezinto ezinamathelayo, uqede isidingo sokuhlanza okuyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwezinto, kufinyezwe isikhathi sokushintsha, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
 Ifanele ukucindezela okuphezulu nesivinini esikhulu, ukuzinza okuphezulu: Yenziwe-ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamandla aphezulu futhi yaklanywa ngesakhiwo esinengqondo, ingamelana nokucindezela okuphezulu okungu-410MPa kanye nesivinini sokuzungezisa esingu-150-400r/min, isebenza kahle ngaphandle kokudlidliza, iqinisekisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanayo kanye nokuma okuzinzile kokudla kwekati.

Kafushane, iwele-lokufiphazaikati ukudla extruderisikulufu, esinento yaso kanye nesakhiwo somumo we-modular esijwayelane nezidingo zokucubungula ukudla kwekati, sidlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseni, ekuxubeni, ekugundani nasekuphulukiseni. Inezici ezibalulekile ezifana nokuguquguquka, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, nokuzinza, futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kokudla kwekati.